Coffee_pilot1

Parallel meal study with 21 volunteers randomized to drink 250mL coffee or water after 48 hours abstention from caffeinated foods or drinks. Three urine samples are collected, 1) a second morning void (fasting) before the drink 2) collection from 0-2 hours, 3) collection from 2-4 hours. Urine volume and density is recorded and urine samples are profiled by untargeted metabolomics on a C18 HSS T3 column eluted in reversed phase.

M208 - Berry study

The study was conducted as a randomised, controlled, single-blinded, three-way crossover study. Eighteen subjects were studied in three 2-h meal tests followed by a subsequent ad libitum meal. Test meals contained added sucrose and either sea buckthorn, strawberry or no berries with added fructose (control). Blood samples were collected at t = 0, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. Subjective appetite sensations were recorded at t = 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 140 min and subsequent ad libitum intake was recorded. Statistical differences in all continuous measures were evaluated based on the existence of a meal or a time–meal interaction by repeated measures linear model analyses or by differences in AUC by linear mixed models. Sequences of meals are as follows: Startgroup A (sea buckthorn, strawberry, control), Startgroup B (sea buckthorn, control, strawberry), Startgroup C (strawberry, control, sea buckthorn), Startgroup D (strawberry, sea buckthorn, control), and Startgroup E (control, sea buckthorn, strawberry).

Coffee_pilot_2

Parallel meal pilot study from 2011 with 12 volunteers randomized to drink 250mL coffee or water after 12 h fasting. Three urine samples are collected, 1) a second morning void (fasting) before the drink 2) collection from 0-2 hours, 3) collection from 2-4 hours. Urine metabolic profiles in NEG and POS mode are recorded.

Coffee_pilot_3

Parallel meal pilot study from 2014 with 7 volunteers randomized to drink 250mL coffee or water after 12 h fasting. Three urine samples are collected, 1) a second morning void (fasting) before the drink 2) collection from 0-2 hours, 3) collection from 2-5 hours. Urine metabolic profiles in NEG and POS mode are recorded, and urine density and volume.

MIGLUCOSE

The gut microbiome has combined with other person-specific information, such as blood parameters, dietary habits, anthropometrics, and physical activity been found to predict personalized postprandial glucose responses (PPGRs) to various foods. Yet, the contributions of specific microbiome taxa, measures of fermentation, and abiotic factors in the colon to glycemic control remain elusive. We tested whether PPGRs 60 min after a standardized breakfast was associated with gut microbial α-diversity (primary outcome) and explored whether postprandial responses of glucose and insulin were associated with specific microbiome taxa, colonic fermentation as reflected by fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and breath hydrogen and methane exhalation, as well as abiotic factors including fecal pH, fecal water content, fecal energy density, intestinal transit time (ITT), and stool consistency. A single-arm meal trial was conducted. A total of 31 healthy (24 female and seven male) subjects consumed a standardized evening meal and a subsequent standardized breakfast (1,499 kJ) where blood was collected for analysis of postprandial glucose and insulin responses. PPGRs to the same breakfast varied across the healthy subjects. The largest inter-individual variability in PPGRs was observed 60 min after the meal but was not associated with gut microbial α-diversity. In addition, no significant associations were observed between postprandial responses and specific taxa of the gut microbiome, measures of colonic fermentation, ITT, or other abiotic factors. However, fasting glucose concentrations were negatively associated with ITT, and fasting insulin was positively associated with fasting breath hydrogen. In conclusion, the gut microbiome, measures of colonic fermentation, and abiotic factors were not shown to be significantly associated with variability in postprandial responses, suggesting that contributions of the gut microbiome, colonic fermentation, and abiotic factors to PPGRs may be subtle in healthy adults.